Launch License
A regulatory authorization required to conduct a launch operation, issued by a national aviation or space authority.
Explanation
Launch licenses are issued by national regulators to ensure that launch activities do not endanger public safety, property, or other space operations. In the United States, the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) issues launch licenses under Title 51 of the U.S. Code. The license review covers vehicle design and safety systems, trajectory analysis, flight termination system testing, range safety coordination, and environmental impact. Licensed launches must comply with altitude and azimuth constraints, keep the public clear of hazard areas, and maintain communications with air traffic control. The process also includes a payload review to ensure the payload does not violate national security or foreign policy. Launch licenses are increasingly important for commercial spaceports and new reusable vehicles. The licensing process typically takes 6-18 months for a new vehicle, and launch operators must demonstrate compliance through ground testing, simulations, and previous flight data.
Why It Matters
No launch happens without a license. The licensing process determines which launch vehicles can operate, from which sites, and under what conditions. It is the primary regulatory gate for access to space.
Concept Map
How Launch License connects to other glossary terms:
Frequently Asked Questions
Who issues launch licenses in the US?
The FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) issues licenses for commercial launches. NASA and the US Space Force license their own launches.
What happens if a licensed launch violates its license conditions?
The FAA can revoke or suspend the license, impose fines, and require corrective actions before future launches.
Sources
Last updated: July 1, 2026